Certified Emissions Reductions (CER): A certified emission reduction or CER is a unit issued under the CDM that is equal to one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, calculated using global warming potentials defined by the Kyoto Protocol.
Source: Climate Change Terms, Global Warming Glossary at internationalrivers.org

Carbon credits: Credits represent the right to emit a specific amount of greenhouse gases. Credits can be exchanged between businesses or bought and sold in the international market at the current market price.
Source: Global Warming Glossary, Climate Change Terms at internationalrivers.org

Atmosphere. The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth. The Earth’s atmosphere consists of about 79.1% nitrogen (by volume), 20.9% oxygen, 0.036% carbon dioxide and trace amounts of other gases. The atmosphere can be divided into a number of layers according to its mixing or chemical characteristics, generally determined by its thermal properties (temperature). The layer [...]

Albedo. The ratio of reflected to incident light; albedo can be expressed as either a percentage or a fraction of 1. Snow covered areas have a high albedo (up to about 0.9 or 90%) due to their white color, while vegetation has a low albedo (generally about 0.1 or 10%) due to the dark color [...]